Cooling system.



PATENTED MAY'M, 1907. K. G. RANDALL.

COOLING SYSTEM. APPLICATION PILED'MAY 2.1906.

2 SHEETSSHEET 1v INVVENTOR I MU @mxww TTORIIVEY WITNE SS ES:

'EATENTED MAY 14, 190?.

RANDALL,

COOLING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION 171mm MAY 2, 1906.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INVENTOR- AiTORNEY 9 WITNESSES:

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIiTiE...

KARL C. RANDALL, OF EDGEWOOD PARK, PENNSYLVANIA, WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING TION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

COMPANY, A CORPORA- COC LING SYSTEM. 7

of Edgewood Park, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in "Cooling Systems, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to cooling systems and has special reference to the regulation of such systems as are adapted for use with electrical apparatus.

Thr'e object of my invention is to provide means for automatically regulating the -i -'antount of energy utilized for cooling electrical apparatus, that shall be simple in arrangement and dependent upon the temper ature of the apparatus to which the system is applied.

It isdesirable to provide means for cooling electrical apparatus in order that the insulation which is applied to the current-carrying conductors may not be overheated and destroyed and in order to keep the electrical performances and resistance of the apparatus normal. I v WVhen electric generators and transformers are subjected to continuous service it is necessary, or at least desirable, to provide some means foroonducting away the heat gener ated in the cores and the windings. The

corestructure and the coils maybe so con-.

- structed and arranged as to permit the circulation of suitable insulating fluid through the electrically and magnetically active parts. Air or other suitable gas may be forced through the apparatus by suitable propellers, or, as is often the case with transformers, the parts may be immersed in insulating fluid, such as oil, and the temperature of the fluid be kept normal by providing coils of pipe through which a cooling fluid, such as water, may be circulated;

I provide means for automatically regulating the degree of cooling effect by regulating the amount of the cooling fluid admiti iachcd to a vertical rod 1] and rises and tails ted to the system as the temperature of the cooled apparatus varies and, in the cooling systems described, motor driven iluid-p ropellers are employed, the amount of cooling 1 movable cont-act arm 14 of the rheostat 9' by Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed May 2, 1906. Serial No. 314,874.

Patented May i 3 as the energy delivered from the electrical apparatus varies, since the temperature on 5 isting inthe apparatus'is largely dependent upon this, factor. Electrical apparatus in general, however, may be subjected for short intervals of time to considerable overloading without injury and without o'v'ere heating the windings or .core 'and, further more, the temperature of the parts maybe affected by climatic conditions which may determine the temperature of the air in. the vicinity so that the regulation of the cooling 6::

system may preferably be depend in; upon the temperature actually existing in the ap paratus.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which E s i F'gure 1 isa view, partially in side elevation, partially in section and partially die grammatic, of a system arranged in aecordance therewith, in which the cooled appaa ratus is an oil-immersed transformer. cooling medium being water that is circu lated, by means of a pump, through coils of pipe submer ed in the oil. Figs. 2 and 3 are views, main ly diagrammatic, showing the circuit connections for modified systems which embody my invention.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, a transformer 1, comprising a magnctizable core member v2 and windings 3, is located in a tank 4 and immersed in an insulatingdluid, 6:

such as'oil. The temperature of the oil in the tank 4 may be reduced by means of a coil of pipe 5 located in the oilabove the transformer and supplied with water, or other suitable cooling fluid, fron'i any convenient source, through a feed pipe 6 by means of a pump or propeller 7. The pump 7is driven by an electric motor 8 which. may be energized from a supply line (1 l) and the speed of which may be regulated by means of 5 a rheostat 9'. In order to effect theautomatic regulation of the motor speed in accordance with. the temperature oi the oil in the tank 4, a float H) is utilized which is atas the oil in the tank expands and contracts by reason of temperature variations. The rod 11 is mounted in bearings 32 and 13 whichare supported from the side wall of the tank 4, its upper end being connected to a the f] by reason of means of a link 15, and its motion being limited, in a downward direction, by a stop 16. The movable contact arm 14 is pivoted upon a stationary shaft 17 and is provided with a notched cam projection 18 which is engaged by a pawl 19; The pawl 19 is held in engagean increase inteinperature, the

' arm 14-is moved into successive engagement stationary contact members 23, 24, 25 and 26. When the arm occupies any one of these positions, the circuit is completed from conductor a through conwith a plurality of ductor 22, more or less of the'resistance sec-' tions 28 which are interposed between the several stationary contact members, contact arm 14, conductor 29, and motor 8 to the conductor b. In this way, the s eed of the motor may be automatically regu ated as the oil in the tank expands and contracts and since this expansion and contraction is due to the variations in the temperature existing in the transformer, the amount of water circulated through thecoil 5 by means of the pump 7 is automatically determined by the temperature existing in the transformer.

Referring to Fig. 2, the float vmechanism for regulating the speed of the motor of Fig. 1 is replaced by a contact thermometer 30. When the temperature of the transformer or other apparatus to which the system is applied exceeds a predetermined amount, electrical contact is completed from a line conductor 31 through suitable resistance 32, contact terminals 33, and 34 of the thermometer 30, magnet winding 35 of an electricallyoperated switch 36 to opposite line conductor 37. The energizing of the winding 35 closes the switch 36 and energy is supplied therethrough to the .motor 8'. In this way,

the speed of the motor is not varied but the motor itself is started and sto )ped as the temperature rises above or falls below a predetermined value.

The system illustrated in Fig. 3 is similar to that of Fig. 2 except that a plurality of contact terminals are provided at diiierent heights along the thermometer 30, the several airs oi which are connected with electrica ly-operated switches 38. the switches are successively closedas the temperature rises and are so arranged as to effect an increase in the voltage applied to the motorS. This may be accomplished either by short-circuiting the sections of a resistance connected in series with the motor or by successively supplying energy from different voltage taps of a transformer, accordng to well lcnown n ciliods.

In this way,-

-tric driving motor therefor,

Although ,I have illustrated the cooling system of my invention in connection with an oil-insulated, water-cooled transformer, for the sake of clearncss, its use is in no way restricted to such apparatus and may readily be applied to any kind of apparatus in which it is desirable to maintain a substantially constant temperature, and I desire that only such limitations shall be imposed as are indicated in the appended claims. it will be further understood that the circulation of the cooling fluid is not necessarily cll'cctcd by means of a propeller but may be from a pressure tank or reservoir flow regulated as the temperature cooled apparatus varies.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a cooling system, the combination with a propeller for forcing a cooling fluid through said system, of means for controlling the operation of said propeller, said means being governed by the temperature of the apparatus or material to which the system is applied.

2. The combination with a transformer, and 'a tank containing an insulating liquid in which the transformer is submerged, ol a coil of pipe in said liquid, a propeller for forcing a cooling liquid throu h said 'coil, and a controller for said propeller the operation'of which is governed by the temperature of said insulating liquid.

3. The combination with a and a tank containing an insulating liq i'id in which the transformer is submerged, of a coil of pipe in said tank, a pump for forcing a cooling fluid through said coil, a motor for driving said pum and a controlling means for said motor t e operation of which is governed by the expansion of the/ insulating liquid as cooled.- I

4. The combination with a transformer, and a tank containing an insulating liquid in which the transformer is submerged, of a coil of pipe in said tank, a pum forforcing a cooling liquid through the coi an electric motor for driving the pump, and a controller for the-electric motor the o eration of which is governed by the rise and tell of the insulating liquid under changes in its temperature.

5 in a cooling system, the combination with a fluid-propeller, of means for automatically varying the speed of the propeller as the temperature in the apparatus to which the system is applied varies.

6. The combination with a fluid-propelling system for cooling purposes and an elecof means for varying the voltage applied to the motor in accordance with .the variations in the temperature of the system.

7. In a fluid-propelling system for cooling purposes, the combination with an electric driving motor and resistance therefor, of a temperature indicator and means for varying and the of the it is heated and and contraction supplied transformer,

the resistance included lDClIGult with the motor in accordance with the rise and fall of the indicator. l l a In a cooling system, the combination with a temperature indicator, pairs of contact terminalsarranged to be electrically [connected as predetermined temperatures perature rises.

10. In a cooling system, the combination with a temperature indicator, pairs of contact terminals arranged to be electrically connected as predetermined temperatures are indicated, of a fluid-propeller, an electric driving motor therefor, a voltage regulator for the motor, and a plurality of clectroresponsive devices that determine the voltage applied to the motor and are energized as the indicating terminals are connected.

11. In a cooling system, the combination with a ten'iperature indicator, pairs of contact terminals arranged to be electrically connected as predetermined temperatures are indicated, of a ilui.dpropeller, an electric driving motor therefor, a regulating transformer for the motor, electrically operated. switches which determine the voltage applied to the motor, operating magnets therefor which are successively energized to close the switches and increase the motor speed as the temperature increases.

12. The combination with an electric motor and a temperature indicator, of means for automatically increasing. or desceasing the motor speed as the indicator registers a higher or a lower temperature.

In testimony whereof, I have llelQllIltO subscribed my name this 80th day of- April, 1906.

KARL C. RANDALL.

Witnesses: J. S. Wrrnnms,

BIRNEY l'lINES. 

